Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which glucose metabolism is disturbed. The blood sugar is too high because there is an absolute or relative insulin deficiency. The term “diabetes” is another name for it. Gestational diabetes: Hormonal changes during pregnancy may cause a rise in blood sugar. The likelihood of harming the kid is significantly increased. Every pregnant woman is now tested.
A strict diet must be followed during pregnancy, sometimes even insulin therapy. The metabolism returns to normal after birth. There is still a higher chance of consequently getting type 2 diabetes. Other types of diabetes: Other factors that contribute to diabetes include hereditary-cell dysfunction (MODY), Cushing’s disease, pancreatic problems, and buy berberine also do cortisone therapy.
Types of Diabetes:
There are different types of Diabetes. Let’s Explain more about it.
Type 1 diabetes:
Insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas are destroyed by autoantibodies → absolute insulin deficiency. Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, possibly weight loss, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, abdominal pain, and headaches.
Type 2 diabetes:
Insulin receptors in body cells are increasingly developing resistance to insulin → relative insulin deficiency. Causes include genetic factors, obesity, improper diet, and lack of exercise. Symptoms tend to be non-specific, e.g., B. Fatigue, reduced performance. If arterial hypertension, obesity, and a lipid metabolism disorder occur at the same time, one speaks of the metabolic syndrome.
The goal of therapy is normal blood sugar concentration. Diabetes therapy is based on the following pillars: diet and exercise, medical therapy training, and self-regulation. The cause and therapeutic approach differ in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Therapy of two different types of blood sugar:
Type 1 diabetes: The body’s own insulin is completely absent and must be substituted 24 hours a day for life (no insulin break).
Type 2 diabetes: A change in diet and exercise are the basis. Antidiabetics (usually metformin) are given as medication. If metformin is not sufficient, antidiabetic drugs are combined or insulin is also given.
KNOWLEDGE TO GO Diabetes mellitus: perception and observation Watch for signs of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia Pay attention to signs of late effects and secondary diseases: skin: v. a. look out for tears, blisters or wounds on your feet Blood pressure and body weight: Good values are important prerequisites for good BG control Visual disturbances: can be signs of hypoglycemia or can be caused by sharp fluctuations in blood sugar Depression: depressive moods can have a negative impact on blood sugar control If complications from diabetes have already occurred (e.g. CHD, stroke, PAD, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy or neuropathy), the observation criteria must be expanded accordingly.
Effective dietary strategies for managing blood sugar
Diabetes mellitus – nutrition Diabetes therapies are accompanied by individual nutritional advice and planning. The nutritional concept is adapted to the respective therapy approach: Therapy with oral antidiabetic drugs: Overweight type 2 diabetics who take oral antidiabetic drugs must lose their weight slowly and switch to a healthy, low-calorie diet.
You don’t need to calculate BU, but you should know and consider the effect of different carbohydrates on blood sugar. Conventional insulin therapy: If insulin is required, sufficient carbohydrates must be eaten after injecting insulin to prevent hypoglycemia. Here the calculation of the different BE is necessary. Intensified insulin therapy: The insulin dose is calculated based on the amount of carbohydrates in the meal and the current blood sugar. The amount of carbohydrates must be taken into account.
Strategies for Insulin Therapy for managing blood sugar:
Diabetes mellitus – forms of insulin therapy The type of insulin therapy depends on the type of diabetes, the physical and mental condition, needs, comorbidities, and lifestyle habits of the person. Basal-supported oral therapy (BOT): basal insulin is given to support oral antidiabetics and/or incretin mimetics → for type 2 diabetics with elevated fasting blood sugar, start insulin therapy.
Supplementary insulin therapy (SIT): in addition to metformin, short-acting insulin is injected at mealtimes → for type 2 diabetics whose BG values are significantly increased after eating.
conventional therapy (CT): A mixed insulin is injected before breakfast and dinner. The insulin dose is fixed, and meals must be adhered to → for type 2 diabetics with a regular daily routine.
Intensified conventional therapy (ICT): The basic requirement is covered by basal insulin; with each meal, a short-acting bolus insulin is injected. Beforehand, the current BG must be determined, and the amount of carbohydrates in the meal like berberine for sale calculated → for type 1 diabetics and independent type 2 diabetics.
Insulin pump therapy: A pump is used to continuously administer short-acting insulin analogs via a catheter, with additional insulin at mealtimes via a bolus button →, almost exclusively for type 1 diabetics.
Final Words:
Diabetes mellitus – informing, training, instructing, advising In order for a diabetic to get by at home after being discharged, it must be ensured beforehand that he knows the risks of diabetes and how the medication works, can carry out his therapy alone or relatives or nursing service can take over, has the necessary medicines and aids at home, continues to be cared for by his family doctor and existing wounds continue to be cared for, has a contact person for problems and questions.
